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China's application and development trend of fire-resistant glass
As people's living standards improve and the construction industry, ordinary glass, can no longer meet the needs of society, all kinds of safety glass and special glass, gradually moved into the forefront of the glass industry. Fire-resistant glass as safety glass in one, in addition to some of the performance of ordinary glass, but also for its slow spread of fire resistance, insulation performance, and gradually get people of all ages. It is in the event of a fire, for personnel, property, buildings and create important conditions for the ambulance to minimize the damage. There are special requirements in some important occasions, play a pivotal role.
With the new fire-resistant glass in 2001 the introduction of national standards, more and more and more single fire-resistant glass used in large-scale public buildings cut off, fire district, outdoor walls and other construction sites, fire glass, as the characteristics of a transparent as possible to meet the the building fire protection and architectural aesthetics of harmony and unity.
The classification of fire glass fire glass in the basic performance requirements, national standards GB15763.1-2001 both made the stringent requirements. Fire-resistant glass in the fire resistance rating on the divided 30min, 45min, 60min, 90min four grades.
In order to achieve the performance requirements of fire-resistant glass, fire glass size, thickness, appearance quality, bending, optical properties, heat resistance, anti-radiation properties, mechanical properties, impact resistance and so must conform to national standards GB15763.1-2001 in a unified decision. A variety of fire-resistant glass products must be designated by the State Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, after passing inspection, the certificate issued to qualified products, can only enter the market sales and installation.
According to the national standard GB15763.1-2001, China's current available from the application of fire-resistant glass, fire-resistant properties, glass structure, and so classified.
By end-use fire-resistant glass can be divided into: A categories: fire-resistant glass used in construction and other fire-resistant glass; B Category: Marine fire-resistant glass
According to the fire resistance performance of fire-resistant glass is divided into A, B, C categories. A class: while meeting the fire integrity, fire-resistant glass, fire insulation requirements. B: At the same time to meet the fire integrity of the thermal radiation intensity of fire safety requirements of the glass. C class: only meet the requirements of the fire integrity of fire-resistant glass.
Fire classification of glass structure by fire-resistant glass: Composite fire-resistant glass (FFB): from two or more levels or a glass composite formed by a layer of glass and composites made of organic materials, and can meet the special requirements of the appropriate fire-resistant grade of glass. Single fire-resistant glass (DFB): from the single layer of glass composition, and can meet the special requirements of the appropriate fire-resistant grade of glass. This single-layer fire-resistant glass there are three different varieties, they are: an integrated treatment of high-strength monolithic enhanced fire-resistant glass; thermal expansion coefficient, softening point temperature is higher than 800 ℃ of the glass; transparent glass-ceramics.
About the main production process fire-resistant glass composite fire-resistant glass ordinary composite fire-resistant glass. Composite fire-resistant glass is the cohesion between the two pieces of glass, a transparent gel with a flame-retardant properties, this gel decomposed at high temperatures encountered in an endothermic reaction, can absorb a lot of heat to become opaque, with good repeat thermal effect. It can remain at a certain period of time does not burst, burst after the debris is not falling, the flame can be cut off to prevent the spread of flame. If both the gel to add flame retardant, flame retardant under high temperature gas can be released, they will also have a fire-retardant and fire-fighting functions; when the fire broke out the fire in contact with the surface of glass was the first case of fire, after a few minutes burst , while the middle layer of laminated material gradually turned into bubble-like material to form a thick dense foam-like fire-resistant insulating layer in contact with the fire of that side glass is always stuck in bubble-like layer, until melted, so that the fire back side The glass is always protected and shielded by the state. In the fire tests, the glass surface, the average temperature rise of the fire back does not exceed 140 ℃.
Composite fire-resistant glass production methods are divided into two types: sandwich method and grouting method
Folder fire-resistant glass screen. Fire-resistant glass screen clip in the middle of two layers of glass, organic or inorganic paste film sandwich by adding wire mesh formed complex. After the entry screen, not only improve the overall impact strength fire-resistant glass, but also with electric heating and security alarm system connected to play a role in a variety of functions.
Folder wire glass, fire-resistant glass in two layers of inorganic glass, mainly float glass, tempered glass, ITO conductive film glass, organic film or PVC film for the PVB film, inorganic slurry of hydrated metal salts plus sodium silicate, silicon salts, aluminate, etc., metal wire for stainless steel wire.
Single fire-resistant glass
As the grouting compound fire-resistant glass poor weather resistance, glass, many large foreign groups, such as Japan, AGC, Germany's SCHOTT Corporation, France's Saint-Gobain companies are actively studying the single fire-resistant glass. Type of fire-resistant glass has good weather resistance, and never fade, lose thoroughly, fully embodies the characteristics of the glass crystal clear. A single-chip companies such as Germany SCHOTT Glass fire had been used in the United Kingdom Sheffield PYRAN stadium stands, the United Kingdom Manchester Airport, London, Tobacco Company, the Hong Kong Bank and many other occasions, the interior partition. France's Saint-Gobain company's monolithic fireproof glass Shanghai Grand Theater has been used in other projects.
Single special fire-resistant glass. Special single fire-resistant glass is used in glass substrates for specialty ingredients of the glass, rather than ordinary glass plate glass composition. It is mainly borosilicate fire-resistant glass, aluminum silicate fire-resistant glass, fire-resistant glass and ceramics softening temperature higher than 800 ℃ and above the sodium-calcium high-quality float glass and other materials. The main features of their common are: the higher the glass softening point, generally at 800 ℃ for more than a low coefficient of thermal expansion, in strong flame would normally not burst because of heat or deformation, in particular the fire-resistant glass-ceramics, in addition to the above-mentioned characteristics with the outside , also has high mechanical strength, flexural, compressive strength of high and good chemical stability and physical mechanical properties. It also has a high softening temperature, thermal expansion coefficient of the advantages, they are used as a fire-resistant glass, high quality goods for upper, but the special materials, fire-resistant glass (boron, aluminum silicate fire-resistant glass, fire-resistant glass-ceramic) production costs are high, sales price expensive, it is more difficult to accept, so the market is still transparent composite laminated fire-resistant glass and high-strength glass-based single-chip fire.
Special fire-resistant glass chip are summarized as follows
A, borosilicate fire-resistant glass
Borosilicate glass, fire the chemical composition of SiO2 content of 70% ~ 80%, B2O3 content of 8% ~ 13%, Al2O3 content of 2% ~ 4%, R2O content of 4% ~ 10%. This glass is characterized by a high softening point temperature, low thermal expansion coefficient and stable chemical properties. Softening point of about 850 ℃ or so, 0 ~ 300 ℃ when the thermal expansion coefficient (3 ~ 40) × 10-7 / ℃.
B, aluminum silicate glass
铝硅酸盐玻璃的化学组成：SiO2含量在55%～60%之间，B2O3含量5%～8%，Al2O3含量18%～25%，R2O含量0.5%～1.0%，CaO4.5%～ 8.0%, MgO6% ~ 9%.
This glass is characterized by high content of Al2O3, low alkali content, softening point temperatures are high, directly on the flame on the heating is generally not burst or deformation. Softening point is between 900 ~ 920 ℃, thermal expansion coefficient (5 ~ 7) × 10-6 / ℃.
C, transparent fire-resistant glass-ceramics
Fire-resistant glass-ceramic is in the glass by adding a certain chemical composition Li2O, TiO2, ZrO2 and other nucleating agent, melting the glass and then heat-treated, so that the growth of microcrystalline precipitate, and even formed polycrystal. This glass features: has good chemical stability and physical and mechanical properties, high mechanical strength, high flexural compressive strength, softening temperature, thermal expansion coefficient.
Fire monolithic float glass. According to the information briefing, Nippon Sheet Glass to launch a softening point of 780 ℃ higher than the sodium-calcium composition of float glass, fire, causing the glass makers attention. Its introduction is as follows:
Nippon Sheet Glass to introduce a float can be used to achieve industrialization manufacturing fire-resistant glass, which is characterized by softening point higher than 780 ℃, and difficult to soften, the class of glass are soda-lime glass.
Ordinary soda-lime plate glass did not fire, often to conduct a comprehensive enhanced process, has a high flexural strength manufacturing into a high-strength glass, can be used as a fire-resistant glass. Although borosilicate glass softening temperatures are high, due to the high melting temperature and high viscosity, it is difficult large-scale industrialization, made of flat, B-containing glass, a significant reduction in furnace. The patent to soda-lime glass-based fire protection applied to float glass production. Although ordinary fire-resistant glass in the fire early can stop the fire from spreading, but later softened due to high temperature deformation. According to the relevant provisions of the Government of Japan: A class fire door standard is 770 ~ 780 ℃ to withstand 60min, not because of softening of the glass from the door frame off. The patent plate glass softening temperature higher than 780 ℃, and difficult to soften, to meet this requirement. The patent is suitable for large-scale float glass production, glass and can meet the A-class fire door requirements.
Monolithic high-strength fire-resistant glass. High-strength fire-resistant glass is a monolithic integrated through the plate glass made of the enhanced process. The product not only as a single use can also be made of laminated glass, insulating glass, coated glass. It is both fireproof glass, toughened glass and filling functions. As a building curtain wall of glass, high-strength not only has a single fire-resistant glass float flat glass with the same thickness of the same transmission rate, and its share also with the same thickness of sheet glass float is basically the same, so monolithic high-strength fire-resistant glass to replace the same the thickness of glass will not affect the structural safety of glass-wall buildings, but also a higher intensity, difficult to break.
Monolithic high-strength fire-resistant glass is specifically manifested in the outstanding performance of the following areas
- High Fire Performance: high strength fire-resistant glass is a kind of single fire function of the wall or the building's exterior windows and doors with glass, at 1000 ℃ under the impact of the flame can maintain 96 ~ 183 minutes did not burst, so as to effectively prevent the flame and smoke spread, help first time to discover the fire, so people have enough time to evacuate the scene.
- High strength properties: in the same thickness cases, the strength of ordinary float glass of 6 ~ 12 times, is tempered glass is 1.5 ~ 3 times. Therefore, the air pressure in the same circumstances, it can use a thinner thickness or a larger area of the design, thereby increasing a sense of permeability and reduce cost. Ordinary glass when the load of 900Kg of glass damage, while its load when the deflection of 326mm to 5500Kg not destroy. High-intensity single fire intensity is the same thickness of glass plate glass strength of 4 ~ 6 times the strength of tempered glass with thickness of 1.5 to 2 times, and if broken, the high-intensity single fire-resistant glass was a small granular, was obtuse angle shape, to ensure that earthquake, fire or being super-destructive power of the human body will not cause much harm.
- High durability: high-intensity fire-resistant glass with traditional monolithic or laminated fire-resistant glass compared to grouting, in addition to high strength, the biggest feature also includes a high weather resistance. Chemical grouting or laminated glass in the UV light quickly becomes milky and production of bubbles of glass transparent to lose this basic function, which is fire-resistant glass can not be the main reason for external use. The high-strength glass with ordinary glass, single fire, like ultraviolet irradiation, without any changes.
- Processability: high-intensity single fire-resistant glass has very good processability. Can be processed into laminated safety glass, insulating glass, coated glass, point-curtain wall of glass. Can also serve as interior partitions, and fire escape routes, in a single area on the use of a major breakthrough, you can achieve high 3m wide and 2m, are also easy to install.
Fire-resistant glass market dynamics and demand forecast
Fire Glass Market in China
In China, the past decade, major cities around the country have been a rush to build a residential high-rise, ultra-high heat public buildings. This development has given rise to the Ministry of Construction of the high-rise building in the safety glass and fire-resistant glass in the use of attention.
According to the information on the report, Shanghai has built China's current high-340m, 88-story Jin Mao Tower, ranked first in the country. Buildings using the most outstanding fire safety glass. It is learned that, to date, at least six major cities in the world plans to build in the new century high-rise skyscrapers.
The construction industry and glass industry experts pointed out that the world's high-rise buildings and the construction of skyscrapers, it will greatly boost international fire glass market.
According to industry projections: China in the next 5 to 10 years, the safety of fire protection, thermal insulation glass products in the market demand will was good, and healthy development of an upward trend. Experts Forecast: China to 2007, fire protection, thermal insulation glass products market will be more than 400,000 m2, 2010, will rise to around 600,000 m2.
At present, the domestic fire-resistant glass (in single fire-resistant glass, for example) to their market price at about 300 ~ 900 yuan / m2, the international market, the fire resistance of a single fire in 60min on the thousand Renminbi yuan per square meter of glass, fire protection capacity of 120min of high quality fire-resistant glass its price more than 10 thousand yuan, which is a huge potential but enticing major international markets.
The international market demand forecast
In the international market, Europe, the United States and the two regions, as well as the Middle East and Asia, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia and Oceania, Australia's fire protection, thermal insulation glass demand is very strong. Particularly in the Middle East, as the area drought, heat, less water, easy to cause a fire. Fire protection, thermal insulation glass, has been Zouqiao on the market, the local short supply, the market gap big, greater reliance on foreign goods supply.
In Europe, since the new European standard EN1363-I of the introduction, boron silicate glass, microcrystalline glass, fire-resistant glass screen clip is also to enter the market.
Not long ago, According to authoritative sources, however, an authoritative Japanese glass industry bodies on the future of the new glass market projections indicate that: fire, heat insulation glass will be the 21st century, a new glass-to fluctuate in the international market. At that time in 1994, market research, fire-resistant glass market demand is just about more than 30 million m2 (about 12.5 million U.S. dollars market sales); to the international market in 2005 fire, heat insulation glass, market demand has risen to about four million m2, marketing and sales exceeded 170 million U.S. dollars. Can be expected that multi-functional fire-resistant glass would be optimistic about the prospects for international markets.
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